Posts Tagged ‘ssl’

SSL: Untrusted Connection in Firefox

June 8th, 2010

This is primarily for PositiveSSL Certificates

If you’ve ever received an “Untrusted Connection” from Firefox, specifically with the error “Error code: sec_error_unknown_issuer”, then one possible fix is to append your issuer’s own certificates to yours.

For example if you have a domain.crt file, then download the PositiveSSL CA Bundle, once downloaded append it’s content to the end of your own certificate and then restart the webserver.

For example if your certificate looks something like this:

—–BEGIN CERTIFICATE—–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—–END CERTIFICATE—–

It would become something like this:

—–BEGIN CERTIFICATE—–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—–END CERTIFICATE—–
—–BEGIN CERTIFICATE—–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—–END CERTIFICATE—–
—–BEGIN CERTIFICATE—–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—–END CERTIFICATE—–

Upon restarting it should cause newer strict browsers to lookup and identify the issuer correctly.

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Configuring SNI with NginX

December 28th, 2009

Traditionally for every SSL certificate issued, you needed a separate and unique IP address. However if you compile OpenSSL and NginX with TLS SNI (Server Name Identification) support you can install multiple SSL certificates without having to bind a domain name to a specific IP address or require each certificate to have its own unique IP.

First thing we need to do is actually compile OpenSSL with TLS SNI support. We’ll start by downloading the latest source and unpacking it into a temporary directory. For this article I keep all sources in ~/src.

$ cd ~/src
$ wget http://www.openssl.org/source/openssl-0.9.8l.tar.gz
$ tar zxvf ./openssl-0.9.8l.tar.gz
$ cd ./openssl-0.9.8l

We’ll then configure with TLS support:

$ ./config enable-tlsext
$ make
$ make install
$ cd ..

Assuming the Nginx source also resides in ~/src you can add the following option to your configure statement when compiling Nginx from source (you can also instead use an absolute path such as /root/src/openssl-0.9.8l/).

--with-openssl=../openssl-0.9.8l/

Once compiled and installed you can check to see if TLS SNI is enabled:

[root@host src]# nginx -V
nginx version: nginx/0.8.31
built by gcc 4.1.2 20080704 (Red Hat 4.1.2-46)
TLS SNI support enabled
configure arguments: --prefix=/usr/local/nginx 
--add-module=/usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/passenger-2.2.5/ext/nginx 
--pid-path=/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid --sbin-path=/usr/local/sbin/nginx 
--with-md5=/usr/lib --with-sha1=/usr/lib --with-http_ssl_module 
--with-http_realip_module --with-http_gzip_static_module 
--with-openssl=/root/src/openssl-0.9.8l/

From there you will no longer be required to have an SSL enabled server block on it’s own unique IP. You won’t even have to have the block listening to a specific IP either since now OpenSSL will handle the certificate validation based on the server name.

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Using Namecheap’s Free SSL with Nginx

November 21st, 2009

Most of my domains are registered with Namecheap, and powered by Nginx. The site you are viewing now is one such example. Currently with Namecheap, domain registrations, hosting, transfers and WhoIS protection come with a free PositiveSSL subscription (course even if they eventually stop that special, 9.95/year is still a good price for a PositiveSSL certificate). This section will show you how to generate a certificate request with OpenSSL and how to install the provided certificate into Nginx.

Most hosting providers that allow you to install a SSL certificate will normally be using a Cpanel/WHM setup with the Apache Webserver. In which case SSL installation can be quite and visually straight forward, as its pretty much cut and paste back an forth. While you don’t get this luxery with Nginx, its not that difficult to configure.

What you will need on the server:

A unique IP address. The domain you are getting the certificate for does not have the be the only domain served on the chosen IP address. However Nginx will only serve one certificate per IP. An attempt to install two certificates on the same IP will result in the latter domain serving the previous domain’s certificate.

SSH access. Otherwise known as ‘shell access’, would be required to perform most of the tasks yourself. If you have installed Nginx onto a remote server yourself, then chances are you have shell access. Also if you’re running Nginx you’re not likely using shared hosting, which is normally void of shell access.

OpenSSL In order to actually generate a request and serve the certificate you will need OpenSSL installed. Using a repository such as yum on CentOS you can install this with the package openssl and openssl-devel (depending on the repository the package names could vary).

Nginx webserver configured with SSL. In order for Nginx to serve SSL certificates, Nginx must be built with the option –with-http_ssl_module. To verify you can run nginx -V from the terminal to see all the options your current release was built with. If you installed Nginx from a repository, you may need to see if there exists a SSL variation. KBeezie.com is currently running on Nginx 1.0 and hosted by IonVz.

Assuming you have all the above in place, we can start by creating private key followed by the CSR file otherwise known as a Certificate Signing Request.

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